What’s the Difference Between GDA94 and GDA2020?

What’s the Difference Between GDA94 and GDA2020?

Geodetic datums, or geodetic systems, are often used by proptechs for mapping  or analysing spatial data.

Here is a rundown of everything you need to know about the different geodetic datums we use and reference in Australia.

What is a geodetic datum?

A geodetic datum is a reference framework used to define the Earth’s shape and orientation, providing a coordinate system that allows for accurate mapping, surveying, and pinpointing exact locations on the Earth’s surface.

In Australia, we use Geodetic Datum of Australia 1994 (DA94) and Geodetic Datum of Australia 2020 (GDA2020).

The history of Australia’s geodetic datums

Prior to GDA94, Australian surveyors primarily used the Australian Geodetic Datum 1966 (AGD66), which was based on a network of ground-based survey points and astronomical observations.

AGD66 was the standard datum used for mapping and surveying in Australia for several decades until it was superseded by GDA94 in the 1990s.

The decision to switch to GDA94 was driven by the need for a more accurate and up-to-date geodetic datum that could take advantage of advances in geospatial technology such as GPS. AGD66 was also affected by tectonic movements and other changes in the Earth’s surface, which made it increasingly difficult to use for accurate positioning and navigation.

GDA94 (Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994) was the geodetic datum used in Australia from 1994. Based on a mathematical model of the Earth’s surface defined using measurements from a network of ground-based survey points, and used as the standard datum for mapping and surveying in Australia.

Now, GDA2020 (Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020) is the current geodetic datum used in Australia. It was introduced in 2017 to replace GDA94 and is based on more recent measurements of the Earth’s surface using advanced satellite and ground-based technology.

GDA2020 provides a more accurate representation of the Earth’s surface than GDA94, and is designed to be compatible with global positioning systems (GPS) and other modern geospatial technologies.

Even though AGD66, and to some extent GDA94, are no longer the primary datums used in Australia, it’s still important to maintain historical data that was referenced to this datum. And it is possible to transform data from AGD66 to GDA94 or GDA2020 using appropriate transformation parameters to ensure compatibility and accuracy when comparing or integrating data from different sources.

Conversions between geodetic datums

Conversions between AGD66 and GDA94 are not 100% accurate, because the two datums are based on different mathematical models of the Earth’s surface with different reference points and parameters.

To convert data from AGD66 to GDA94 (or vice versa), a mathematical transformation must be applied that takes the differences between the two datums into account.

This transformation involves adjusting the latitude, longitude and height values of the data to align with the new datum.

However, there are many factors that can affect the accuracy of this transformation, such as:

  1. The quality and accuracy of the original data: If the original data was collected using imprecise or inaccurate methods, the transformation may introduce additional errors or inaccuracies.
  2. The complexity of the transformation: Some transformations may require more complex mathematical models or additional parameters to be specified, which can increase the likelihood of errors.
  3. The location and terrain of the data: The accuracy of the transformation can vary depending on the location and terrain of the data. Some areas may be more affected by tectonic movements or other changes in the Earth’s surface, which can make the transformation more challenging.
  4. The type of data being transformed: Different types of data (e.g. points, lines, polygons) may require different transformation methods or parameters, which can affect the accuracy of the transformation.

While conversions between AGD66 and GDA94 can be relatively precise, they’re not 100% accurate.

This is due to the inherent differences between the two datums, and the potential for errors or inaccuracies in the transformation process. It’s important to use appropriate transformation methods and understand the limitations and potential sources of error when converting data between different geodetic datums.

The difference between GDA94 and GDA2020

The key differences

The main difference between GDA94 and GDA2020 is their accuracy and the methods used to define them.

GDA2020 is a more accurate and up-to-date datum, with improvements in the modeling of the Earth’s surface that take into account changes in its shape over time. This means that positions and distances measured using GDA2020 are more accurate than those measured using GDA94. Additionally, GDA2020 is designed to be compatible with modern geospatial technologies and is expected to be used for many years to come.

It’s worth noting that the difference between GDA94 and GDA2020 may not be significant for many applications, particularly those that don’t require high levels of accuracy. However, for applications that require precise positioning or measurement, such as surveying or mapping, selecting the correct geodetic datum is important to ensure accurate results.

Differences in distance and direction

The average distance and direction difference between GDA94 and GDA2020 depends on the location on the Earth’s surface.

In general, the differences between the two datums are greatest in areas with high tectonic activity or areas where the Earth’s surface is undergoing significant changes, such as due to land subsidence or sea level rise.

According to Geoscience Australia, the organisation responsible for geodetic information and services in Australia, the average difference between GDA94 and GDA2020 in Australia is around 1.5 meters. However, this value can vary significantly depending on the location, with some areas showing differences of several meters or more.

The direction of the difference between the two datums also varies depending on the location, as it is related to the direction and magnitude of any tectonic movements or changes in the Earth’s surface. In general, the direction of the difference is determined by the vector between the two datums at a given location.

It’s important to note that the difference between GDA94 and GDA2020 is not constant over time and may continue to change in the future. This is because the Earth’s surface is constantly changing due to tectonic activity, sea level rise, and other factors. As such, it’s important to regularly update geodetic data and use the most up-to-date geodetic datum for accurate positioning and navigation.

Migrating from GDA94 to GDA2020

The differences between the two means that migrating from GDA94 to GDA2020 can present several challenges and issues, particularly for organisations or projects that rely heavily on geospatial data.

Some of the key issues with migrating to GDA2020 include: 

  1. Data compatibility: Data that was created using GDA94 may not be compatible with GDA2020. This can cause issues when trying to integrate or compare datasets that use different datums.
  2. Application compatibility: Applications that were designed to work with GDA94 may not be compatible with GDA2020. This can require updates or modifications to existing software or the adoption of new tools.
  3. Training and expertise: Staff who work with geospatial data may need to be trained on the new GDA2020 datum and its associated tools and workflows. This can take time and resources.
  4. Time and cost: Migrating to GDA2020 can be a complex and time-consuming process, particularly for large organisations or projects. There may be costs associated with updating software, purchasing new equipment, or retraining staff.
  5. Accuracy: While GDA2020 is a more accurate datum than GDA94, some existing data may still be more accurate when referenced to GDA94. This can make it difficult to compare or integrate data from different sources.
  6. Data transformation: In some cases, it may be necessary to transform data from GDA94 to GDA2020, which can introduce errors or inaccuracies. The accuracy of the transformation depends on the quality of the original data and the transformation method used.

Migrating from GDA94 to GDA2020 requires careful planning and consideration of the potential issues and challenges. It’s crucial to work closely with geospatial experts and stakeholders to ensure a smooth and successful transition.

What is WGS84 and why is it used by software?

WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984) is a geodetic datum used for positioning and navigation purposes. It defines a reference system for the Earth’s surface that allows locations to be specified in latitude and longitude coordinates.

The WGS84 datum was developed by the United States Department of Defense for use by the military and intelligence agencies, but it has since become the standard geodetic datum used by many organisations and applications around the world, including GPS (Global Positioning System) devices and mapping software.

The WGS84 datum is based on a mathematical model of the Earth’s surface that takes into account its shape, size, and rotation. It defines a set of reference points and parameters that allow positions on the Earth’s surface to be accurately calculated and communicated.

The WGS84 datum is widely used because it is compatible with GPS and other global navigation systems, allowing precise positioning and navigation in real-time. However, while there may be regional differences in the Earth’s surface that are not fully captured by the WGS84 model, that other geodetic datums may be more appropriate for certain applications or regions.

How to convert between GDA2020 and WGS84

To convert between GDA2020 (Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020) and WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984), you can use coordinate transformation parameters provided by geodetic authorities. The transformation process involves converting coordinates from one datum to another using a mathematical model.

In the case of GDA2020 and WGS84, the transformation parameters provided by the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) in Australia are known as the National Transformation Version 2 (NTv2) grid files. These grid files contain the necessary information for accurate transformations.

The accuracy of the transformation depends on the specific region and the quality of the NTv2 grid files used. Always use the most up-to-date and accurate transformation parameters available from reputable sources.

To convert coordinates between the GDA2020 (Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020) and WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984) datums using Python, you can utilise the pyproj library. pyproj provides a convenient interface to the PROJ library, which is a widely used cartographic projection and coordinate transformation library.

Usage in Australia

In Australia, a lot of data providers offer data sets in both GDA94 and GDA2020 geodetic datums because the uptake of GDA2020 is not universal. It’s common practice for these providers to specify which datum was used to create each dataset.

When combining geospatial datasets, it’s important for data professionals to ensure consistency in the geodetic datums employed.

Using different datums without proper alignment can lead to inaccuracies, such as misaligning spatial features. For this reason, careful attention to datum consistency is essential to maintain the integrity and accuracy of integrated geospatial data.

 

Originally published: 5 August, 2023

Last updated: 11 February, 2025

 

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Top Property and Proptech Events in Australia 2025

Top Property and Proptech Events in Australia 2025

Upcoming Events in 2025

Explore Australia’s key property, real estate, contech, and proptech events for insights, networking, and industry trends.

These events provide valuable opportunities to learn from industry leaders, explore emerging technologies, and network with peers who are shaping the future of the sector.

If you’re looking to expand your knowledge, connect with others in the field, or uncover new business opportunities, these top events should be on your radar.

Here’s a list of Australia’s virtual and in-person industry events for the first half of 2025 so you can plan to make the most of what’s ahead.

Check back regularly as we add more confirmed events to the list.

PRRES Annual Conference

A formal focus for property researchers, educators, and practitioners across the Pacific-Rim region.

Hobart
12-15 January, 2025

$770 Early Bird

Digital Build World Summit

Digital transformation of infrastructure assets & the built environment.

Sydney
18-19 February, 2025

From $905+GST

Property Market Outlook - QLD

Insights into the how property will fare in 2025, hosted by Property Council of Australia.

Brisbane
13 February, 2025
12:00 – 14:30 AEST

$200

Property Market Outlook - NSW

Insights into the how property will fare in 2025, hosted by Property Council of Australia.

Sydney
13 February, 2025
12:00 – 14:30 AEST

$220

Alternative Real Estate Investment Summit

For institutional investors, fund managers and operators.

Sydney
4 March, 2025

From $395+GST

Malls of the Future Summit

Where retail, real estate and innovation converge.

Sydney
18-19 March, 2025

From $1,435+GST

Future of Office Summit

Investment opportunities, valuations and leasing strategies for Australia’s office market.

Melbourne
20 March, 2025

From $875+GST

Healthcare Real Estate Summit

Investment, development, construction and design strategies.

Sydney
6 May, 2025

To be announced

Sydney Build Expo 2025

Australia’s largest construction and design show.

Sydney
7-8 May, 2025

General Ticket – Free

Childcare & Early Learning Real Estate Summit

Investment, development, construction and design strategies.

Sydney
7-8 May, 2025

To be announced

Future of Construction Summit

Australia’s largest construction and design show.

Brisbane
20-21 May, 2025

To be announced

EV Infrastructure Summit

Powering the EV evolution.

Sydney
17-18 June, 2025

To be announced

Urbanity 2025

A conference for the creators of cities in the Asia-Pacific.

Gold Coast
29 – 31 July, 2025

To be announced

This blog is provided for informational purposes only. We are not affiliated with any of the events or providers mentioned. The information shared is intended to help readers stay informed and make their own decisions. Please verify details with the event organisers directly, as schedules and details may change.

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Australia’s Migration Trends: Where Are People Moving To?

Australia’s Migration Trends: Where Are People Moving To?

Data consultancy, Data Army, delved into the Australia Post Movers Statistics dataset to understand where people are migrating to within Australia and predicting where they’re likely to move to next.

We explain the data visualisations created and documented in our previous blog How to Predict Migration Patterns using Auspost Movers Statistics Data and Snowflake’s Cortex ML functions>

By analysing movements and observing trends, we’re able to gather valuable insights to inspire decisions with data-driven intelligence.

TL;DR

Australia’s migration trends reveal significant shifts in population movement, driven by economic opportunities, lifestyle choices, and government policies.

The results by state show some interesting results based on analysis and data visualisations conducted by Data Army.

Key insights include the rising popularity of regional areas, the impact of international students, and the influence of skilled migration programs. These trends are shaping the future of Australia’s demographic landscape.

How to Interpret the Data Visualisations

The visualisations below show the net migration metric for all Australian states.

Net migration is calculated by forecasting the number of people moving into an area subtracted by the number of people people moving out of an area.

White, grey and lighter blue colours indicate regions with lower net migration, representing regions where a high number of people are leaving the regions and a lower number of people are relocating into these regions.

Mid to darker blue colours represent regions with higher net migration, regions where the number of people moving to those regions outweigh the number of people leaving those regions.

The Results by State

 

New South Wales (NSW)

In NSW, prior to the pandemic, the light blue areas in the inner city areas indicate there was some movement in inner city areas including Chatswood, the Sydney Central Business District (CBD) and areas just west of the city.

However, there was a much higher level of migration into the areas much further west of the city including Penrith and Blaxland, as well as Newcastle.

The trend of moving away from the city has further increased since the COVID pandemic in NSW, where areas very close to the city show the lowest forecasted net migration in the state.

This indicates that people are moving away from the city. Some possible explanations for these movements could be due to rising rents or potentially due to the fact that they no longer need to live within metropolitan areas for work.

In NSW, rural areas south of the city close to Canberra such as Goulburn, and rural areas north of Newcastle such as Taree are the regions with the highest amount of forecasted net migration as shown by the visualisations below.

NSW Pre-COVID
NSW Post-COVID

Figure 1: Pre- and post-COVID migration per SA4 for New South Wales

Victoria

A similar trend can be observed in Victoria. Both pre- and post-pandemic, the areas which had the lowest net migration were the inner city Melbourne suburbs of Brunswick, North Melbourne and Fitzroy.

However, prior to the pandemic, the areas with the highest forecasted net migration was Geelong and the south coast of Melbourne.

Post-COVID, the areas with the highest forecasted migration are even further away, possibly indicating these coastal areas are now also less desirable or unaffordable.

These include rural areas including Warragul and Taree. Greenfield suburbs just north of the city including Sunbury also have high levels of forecasted migration.

VIC Pre-COVID
VIC Post-COVID

Figure 2: Pre- and post-COVID migration per SA4 for Victoria

Queensland

Like Melbourne, the forecasts for net migration in the inner city part of Brisbane is relatively similar both pre- and post-pandemic.

The inner city areas have low levels of forecasted net migration.

Interestingly, the highest amount of forecasted migration in Queensland prior to the pandemic was in the Gold Coast, which is only approximately an hour from Brisbane CBD.

Post-pandemic, areas further west of the Brisbane city including Ipswich, and Harrisville have higher levels of forecasted migration.

This could be indicative of people from Queensland relocating, but could also suggest people from interstate or overseas moving from other locations to places west of the city.

There is also a high level of migration predicted for the Sunshine Coast post-pandemic, further highlighting the trend also observed in Sydney and Melbourne of people moving into more rural areas.

QLD Pre-COVID
QLD Post-COVID

Figure 3: Pre- and post-COVID migration per SA4 for Queensland

South Australia

South Australia, unlike NSW, Victoria and Queensland is one of the few states where the highest forecasted pre-pandemic net migration was in an inner-city area.

However, the trend to relocate to rural areas was very high post-pandemic. Rural areas including Kangaroo Island, Murray Bridge and Clare had much higher forecasted net migration after the pandemic. This supports the trend observed in the other states.

SA Pre-COVID
SA Post-COVID

Figure 4: Pre- and post-COVID migration per SA4 for South Australia

Western Australia

Western Australia is one of the few states where the forecasted net migration into rural areas is not high.

The pre-COVID migration forecasts indicate the highest level of net migration were in the Perth City area and post-COVID the highest amount of net migration was just south of the city.

One possible reason for this could be that while Perth house prices and rents have been rising, they are still much lower than Sydney or Melbourne, and therefore is still affordable for people to be able to live close to the city.

Secondly, as mining is the predominant industry in Western Australia, it is possible that it is not feasible for many of these workers to move and work remotely.

WA Pre-COVID
WA Post-COVID

Figure 5: Pre- and post-COVID migration per SA4 for Western Australia

Tasmania

Tasmania is the only Australian state where the amount of net migration into the inner city forecasts are higher post-covid as compared to pre-COVID.

Prior to COVID , Hobart had the lowest net migration compared to all other regions in Tasmania. However, post-COVID the amount of met migration in the CBD is higher, indicating people are moving into Hobart.

Similarly, the amount of forecasted migration into Launceston, Tasmania’s second biggest city, is higher post-COVID as compared to pre-COVID.

The reason that the same rural migration has not been seen in Tasmania, unlike other states, could be because of Tasmania’s population.

Hobart’s population is only approximately 250,000 which is smaller than rural areas that people were migrating to including the Sunshine Coast.

Thus, the high rental and accommodation costs that are evident in highly populated cities, including Sydney or Melbourne may not be evident in Tasmania.

TAS Pre-COVID
TAS Post-COVID

Figure 6: Pre- and post-COVID migration per SA4 for Tasmania

​Summary of Findings

In the period post-COVID there is high evidence of people migrating to rural areas, especially in states with larger CBDs such as New South Wales, Victoria and Brisbane.

Interestingly, in these states, people seemed to be migrating to outer-city areas even prior to the pandemic.

This may suggest that there were factors encouraging people to move out of the city. This trend seems to have increased further since COVID.

Overall, there is a clear trend in the two most populated states, New South Wales and Victoria for net migration into rural areas.

These were the two states that were most affected by COVID lockdowns in Australia and have the highest house prices in the country which may be one of the key the drivers behind the high level of relocation to rural areas.

Less populated states including South Australia and Queensland have experienced a similar trend with high levels of net migration to rural areas including Kangaroo Island, Clare and the Sunshine Coast.

The only states that haven’t experienced net migration to rural areas are Western Australia and Tasmania.

A Reflection of Australia’s Housing Situation

Australia is in the midst of a housing crisis where steep house prices prevent many first-home buyers from entering the market, especially in inner-city areas.

Driven by the low supply of rentals and high post-pandemic migration, rents continue to skyrocket in many metropolitan cites.

In Australia’s most populous metropolitan areas Sydney and Melbourne, rents rose by 10.2% and 11.1%1 from December 2022 to December 2023 respectively.

Since 2020, the COVID pandemic has transformed the workplace environment, by dictating some office workers to do their job remotely due to lockdowns and government restrictions.

While there are initiatives to reverse this, some office workers continue to work remotely at least part of the week, meaning that when choosing a place to live, they may not need to prioritise being within a reasonable commuting distance from their physical office.

The combination of unaffordable rents and mortgages in inner city areas and increase in work from home trends may have contributed to many Australians migrating to outer-city and rural locations.

Strategic Insights

The findings hold significant strategic value for both the private and public sectors.

Incorporating these insights alongside additional data points, such as overseas migration into Australia, enriches the analysis, providing a more comprehensive understanding of migration patterns.

This broader perspective can enhance strategic planning and decision-making processes across various industries and governmental levels.

Examples include real estate development, investment, business expansion, transportation and infrastructure decisions, as well as urban, land use, policy or even healthcare and public services planning.

These findings can offer a foundation for both private and public sectors to adapt to changing demographic patterns in a way that maximises economic opportunities while ensuring community well-being and sustainability.

About The Analysis

Data Army used the Australian Post Movers Statistics dataset to base the forecasts in migration patterns during and after the COVID pandemic in each Australian state.

The primary dataset used in this study is the Australia Post Movers Statistics. It contains de-identified and aggregated data on moves across Australia based on mail redirection requests from the previous 5 years.

For this exercise, data from February 2019 to January 2024 was used.

Each entry in the data includes

  • the postcode the household relocated from,
  • the postcode the household relocated to,
  • the month of relocation, and
  • the number of the people that relocated.

This analysis shows forecasted migrated trends for the next year when pre-pandemic data is used (Feb 2019 – Jan 2020) compared to forecasts based on mail redirection requests in the post-pandemic era (2022-2024).

The analysis was conducted on a Statistical Area Level 4 level which are Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) defined regions that clearly distinguish inner-city areas, outer-city areas and rural areas.

For a step-by-step guide, see our blog on How to Predict Migration Patterns using Auspost Movers Statistics Data and Snowflake’s Cortex ML functions>

Australia Post Movers Statistics Data

This dataset contains five years of de-identified, aggregated information on past moves captured by Australia Post’s Mail Redirection service.

Access Australia Post mail redirect statistics now to help you develop competitive data-driven strategies.

All rights are reserved, and no content may be republished or reproduced without express written permission from The Proptech Cloud. All content provided is for informational purposes only. While we strive to ensure that the information provided here is both factual and accurate, we make no representations or warranties of any kind about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability with respect to the blog or the information, products, services, or related graphics contained on the blog for any purpose.

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Could a Revamp of Australian Property Planning Rules Solve Some of Australia’s Housing Issues?

Could a Revamp of Australian Property Planning Rules Solve Some of Australia’s Housing Issues?

Rising property prices and high costs of living means the Australian dream of home ownership is slipping further and further away for many. Could an overhaul of Australian property planning rules offer a solution?

In recent discussions during a heated ABC Q+A debate on Homeownership, Homelessness & Housing supply, the Australian dream of homeownership has taken centre stage again, unveiling a crisis that grips not just potential homeowners but extends its grasp towards the homeless and vulnerable communities across the nation.

Even those “fortunate” enough to have purchased property are feeling significant interest rate stress as cost-of-living soars in recent times. Renters are experiencing rent hikes and dealing with historically low vacancy rates.

Australia’s housing issues in the spotlight

“Fundamentally, the problem is that we’re not building enough homes,” Mr Leigh, the Assistant Minister for Competition, Charities and Treasury, told Q+A.

It’s clear that Australia requires millions more homes to meet current demand but also accommodate future population growth.

However, as it stands, governments are finding it challenging to meet their own targets.

The debate, and followed up by The Sydney Morning Herald article Do planning rules really affect house prices? The answer is clear, has cast a spotlight on a host of interconnected factors contributing to this issue.

At the heart of the matter are planning and zoning rules, which, contrary to some beliefs, significantly influence housing prices and supply. This is a contentious point, highlighted by the disagreement between Max Chandler-Mather, Greens Spokesperson on Housing & Homelessness, and Dan McKenna, CEO of Nightingale Housing, pointing to a deeper complexity within the debate.

While Shadow Assistant Minister for Home Ownership, Senator Andrew Bragg’s remarks on construction industry, skills shortage and migration underscores the multifaceted approach needed to address the crisis.

This crisis reflects broader societal issues—including a shortage in construction and trades to debates on policy, immigration, and infrastructure development.

The challenges extend to financial mechanisms of owning a home, with strategies like tapping into superannuation funds or adopting shared equity schemes considered as possible solutions (which have their own implications).

As housing prices in some states soar to record levels and impact housing affordability, the dream slips further away for many, with rising homelessness a sign of a deepening emergency.

The conversation also touched on regulatory measures like controlling rent increases and revisiting the impacts of capital gains tax and tax concessions, such as negative gearing, which has been identified as contributing factors in the price hikes over the last few decades.

A possible solution to the housing crisis

Looking beyond our shores for solutions, it’s clear that this is not an issue unique to Australia.

International examples offer alternative paths forward and suggest a re-evaluation of property planning rules.

But first, we need to understand our current property planning rules.

Captured and represented by Archistar, Australian Property Planning Rules for Land Use could provide crucial insights into land use and, potentially, relief to the crisis. The data, available via the Snowflake Marketplace, details current land use zoning applied across the nation with geospatial representation. The use of that data can help us to understand where we currently stand and offer possible solutions when variables are tweaked, such as housing density.

Another challenge in solving the housing affordability problem in Australia, and globally for that matter, is the accessibility of data. 

Archistar is helping to break down these barriers by collating national datasets for planning rules that can be easily accessed and analysed using Snowflake’s Data Platform.

The way forward

As we negotiate this national emergency, it becomes increasingly evident that a multifaceted and inclusive approach is essential.

Engaging in open discussions, exploring innovative housing policies, and reconsidering the frameworks which our housing market operates could pave the way towards a more equitable future.

The dream of homeownership, safeguarding against homelessness, and the creation of sustainable communities demand it.

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The Three Primary Methods of Real Estate Data Integration

cLearn the three primary methods of real estate data integration—geospatial relationships, title matches, and address matching—to improve accuracy, insights, and decision-making.

What’s the Difference Between GDA94 and GDA2020?

Geodetic datums, or geodetic systems, are often used by proptechs. Here is a rundown of everything you need to know about the different geodetic datums we use and reference in Australia.

Alternative Data: What Is It, Who Uses It And Why It Matters

Discover the powerful intel alternative data can offer. Learn why businesses and investors are turning to non-traditional data sources for deeper insights and smarter decisions.

What Is A Geohash And How Is It Used?

Discover what a geohash is, how it works, and its real-world applications in mapping, logistics and data analysis.

What Is A Cadastre?

Learn how cadastres capture property boundaries, ownership details, and values, and see how technology is transforming them with 3D models, GIS and digital platforms.